Income inequality: Trends and Measures Key Points
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ON TRUNCATED MEASURES OF INCOME INEQUALITY FROM A FUZZY PERSPECTIVE
In most statistical analysis, inequality or extent of variation in income isrepresented in terms of certain summary measures. But some authors arguedthat the concept of inequality is vague and thus cannot be measured as anexact concept. Therefore, fuzzy set theory provides naturally a useful toolfor such circumstances. In this paper we have introduced a real-valued fuzzymethod of illustrating t...
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I survey key developments in applied and theoretical research on poverty rates and poverty gaps over the past two decades, and provide a detailed analysis of poverty trends across a of variety of income measures and poverty indexes. Included is an extensive summary of how poverty thresholds and economic resources are measured and several proposed recommendations for revision. In addition I disc...
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OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between health outcomes and the equality with which income is distributed in the United States. DESIGN The degree of income inequality, defined as the percentage of total household income received by the less well off 50% of households, and changes in income inequality were calculated for the 50 states in 1980 and 1990. These measures were then examined in re...
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BACKGROUND Over the past decades, both health inequalities and income inequalities have been increasing in many European countries, but it is unknown whether and how these trends are related. We test the hypothesis that trends in health inequalities and trends in income inequalities are related, i.e. that countries with a stronger increase in income inequalities have also experienced a stronger...
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Did global income inequality rise or fall over the past twenty years? Exchange rate comparisons suggest that inequality has risen, but the purchasing power comparisons of the Penn World Tables suggest inequality has fallen. We show that both measures are biased. Exchange rate comparisons ignore the relative price of non-tradables, whilst the Penn World Table method of calculating purchasing pow...
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